Discord 机器人开发#12管理命令冷却时间（Cooldown）与权限（Permission）！（Python 示例）

pip install -U discord.py

python -c "import discord; print(discord.__version__)"
# 2.7.1

import discord
from discord import app_commands
from discord.ext import commands

intents = discord.Intents.default()
bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix="!", intents=intents)

@bot.tree.command(name="출석", description="每天签到一次！")
@app_commands.checks.cooldown(1, 60.0, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def attend(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(
        f"{interaction.user.mention}，签到成功！✅"
    )

@attend.error
async def attend_error(interaction: discord.Interaction, error: app_commands.AppCommandError):
    if isinstance(error, app_commands.CommandOnCooldown):
        await interaction.response.send_message(
            f"⏳ 太快啦！请在 **{error.retry_after:.1f} 秒**后再试。",
            ephemeral=True,
        )

@bot.tree.command(name="청소", description="一次性删除频道消息")
@app_commands.describe(amount="要删除的消息数量（1~100）")
@app_commands.default_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.bot_has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def clean(interaction: discord.Interaction, amount: app_commands.Range[int, 1, 100]):
    await interaction.response.defer(ephemeral=True)
    deleted = await interaction.channel.purge(limit=amount)
    await interaction.followup.send(f"🧹 已删除 {len(deleted)} 条消息！", ephemeral=True)

@bot.tree.command(name="공지", description="发送服务器公告")
@app_commands.describe(message="公告内容")
@app_commands.checks.has_any_role("관리자", "운영진")
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def notice(interaction: discord.Interaction, message: str):
    embed = discord.Embed(title="📢 公告", description=message, color=0x5865F2)
    embed.set_footer(text=f"发布者：{interaction.user.display_name}")
    await interaction.response.send_message(embed=embed)

@app_commands.checks.has_any_role(123456789012345678, 987654321098765432)

from typing import Optional

VIP_ROLE_ID = 123456789012345678  # 免除冷却时间的身份组 ID

def vip_cooldown(interaction: discord.Interaction) -> Optional[app_commands.Cooldown]:
    user = interaction.user
    if isinstance(user, discord.Member) and user.get_role(VIP_ROLE_ID):
        return None                          # 返回 None 就没有冷却时间！
    return app_commands.Cooldown(1, 30.0)    # 普通用户 30 秒 1 次

@bot.tree.command(name="뽑기", description="来一次随机抽签")
@app_commands.checks.dynamic_cooldown(vip_cooldown, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def draw(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(f"🎲 结果：**{random.randint(1, 100)} 分**！")

# discord.py 2.7.1 / Python 3.8+
import random
import traceback
from typing import Optional

import discord
from discord import app_commands
from discord.ext import commands

TOKEN = "在这里输入机器人 Token"
VIP_ROLE_ID = 123456789012345678  # 免除冷却时间的身份组 ID

intents = discord.Intents.default()
bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix="!", intents=intents)

@bot.event
async def on_ready():
    await bot.tree.sync()
    print(f"✅ 登录成功：{bot.user}")

# ── 1) 冷却时间：按服务器·用户，60 秒 1 次 ──────────────────────
@bot.tree.command(name="출석", description="每天签到一次！")
@app_commands.checks.cooldown(1, 60.0, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def attend(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(
        f"{interaction.user.mention}，签到成功！✅"
    )

# ── 2) 权限检查：只有拥有管理消息权限的人 ──────────────────
@bot.tree.command(name="청소", description="一次性删除频道消息")
@app_commands.describe(amount="要删除的消息数量（1~100）")
@app_commands.default_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.bot_has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def clean(interaction: discord.Interaction, amount: app_commands.Range[int, 1, 100]):
    await interaction.response.defer(ephemeral=True)
    deleted = await interaction.channel.purge(limit=amount)
    await interaction.followup.send(f"🧹 已删除 {len(deleted)} 条消息！", ephemeral=True)

# ── 3) 身份组检查：只有 '관리자'（管理员）或 '운영진'（运营团队） ───────────────────
@bot.tree.command(name="공지", description="发送服务器公告")
@app_commands.describe(message="公告内容")
@app_commands.checks.has_any_role("관리자", "운영진")
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def notice(interaction: discord.Interaction, message: str):
    embed = discord.Embed(title="📢 公告", description=message, color=0x5865F2)
    embed.set_footer(text=f"发布者：{interaction.user.display_name}")
    await interaction.response.send_message(embed=embed)

# ── 4) 附加内容：VIP 免除冷却时间 ────────────────────────────
def vip_cooldown(interaction: discord.Interaction) -> Optional[app_commands.Cooldown]:
    user = interaction.user
    if isinstance(user, discord.Member) and user.get_role(VIP_ROLE_ID):
        return None
    return app_commands.Cooldown(1, 30.0)

@bot.tree.command(name="뽑기", description="来一次随机抽签")
@app_commands.checks.dynamic_cooldown(vip_cooldown, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def draw(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(f"🎲 结果：**{random.randint(1, 100)} 分**！")

# ── 5) 全局错误处理器（所有命令通用） ───────────────────
@bot.tree.error
async def on_app_command_error(interaction: discord.Interaction, error: app_commands.AppCommandError):
    if isinstance(error, app_commands.CommandOnCooldown):
        msg = f"⏳ 太快啦！请在 **{error.retry_after:.1f} 秒**后再试。"
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.MissingPermissions):
        msg = "🚫 你没有使用这个命令的权限。"
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.BotMissingPermissions):
        msg = "🤖 机器人没有权限！请在 服务器设置 → 身份组 中检查机器人的权限。"
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.MissingAnyRole):
        msg = "🎭 这个命令需要管理员或运营团队身份组。"
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.CheckFailure):
        msg = "❌ 不满足执行条件。"
    else:
        msg = "⚠️ 发生了未知错误，请稍后再试。"
        traceback.print_exception(type(error), error, error.__traceback__)

    if interaction.response.is_done():
        await interaction.followup.send(msg, ephemeral=True)
    else:
        await interaction.response.send_message(msg, ephemeral=True)

bot.run(TOKEN)