디스코드 봇 만들기#12명령어 쿨다운(Cooldown)·권한(Permission) 관리하기! (파이썬 예제)

pip install -U discord.py

python -c "import discord; print(discord.__version__)"
# 2.7.1

import discord
from discord import app_commands
from discord.ext import commands

intents = discord.Intents.default()
bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix="!", intents=intents)

@bot.tree.command(name="출석", description="하루 한 번 출석 체크!")
@app_commands.checks.cooldown(1, 60.0, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def attend(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(
        f"{interaction.user.mention}님, 출석 완료했어요! ✅"
    )

@attend.error
async def attend_error(interaction: discord.Interaction, error: app_commands.AppCommandError):
    if isinstance(error, app_commands.CommandOnCooldown):
        await interaction.response.send_message(
            f"⏳ 너무 빨라요! **{error.retry_after:.1f}초** 뒤에 다시 시도해주세요.",
            ephemeral=True,
        )

@bot.tree.command(name="청소", description="채널 메시지를 한 번에 삭제해요")
@app_commands.describe(amount="삭제할 메시지 개수 (1~100)")
@app_commands.default_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.bot_has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def clean(interaction: discord.Interaction, amount: app_commands.Range[int, 1, 100]):
    await interaction.response.defer(ephemeral=True)
    deleted = await interaction.channel.purge(limit=amount)
    await interaction.followup.send(f"🧹 메시지 {len(deleted)}개를 지웠어요!", ephemeral=True)

@bot.tree.command(name="공지", description="서버 공지를 보내요")
@app_commands.describe(message="공지 내용")
@app_commands.checks.has_any_role("관리자", "운영진")
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def notice(interaction: discord.Interaction, message: str):
    embed = discord.Embed(title="📢 공지사항", description=message, color=0x5865F2)
    embed.set_footer(text=f"작성자: {interaction.user.display_name}")
    await interaction.response.send_message(embed=embed)

@app_commands.checks.has_any_role(123456789012345678, 987654321098765432)

from typing import Optional

VIP_ROLE_ID = 123456789012345678  # 쿨타임 면제 역할 ID

def vip_cooldown(interaction: discord.Interaction) -> Optional[app_commands.Cooldown]:
    user = interaction.user
    if isinstance(user, discord.Member) and user.get_role(VIP_ROLE_ID):
        return None                          # None을 반환하면 쿨타임 없음!
    return app_commands.Cooldown(1, 30.0)    # 일반 유저는 30초에 1번

@bot.tree.command(name="뽑기", description="랜덤 뽑기를 돌려요")
@app_commands.checks.dynamic_cooldown(vip_cooldown, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def draw(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(f"🎲 결과: **{random.randint(1, 100)}점**!")

# discord.py 2.7.1 / Python 3.8+
import random
import traceback
from typing import Optional

import discord
from discord import app_commands
from discord.ext import commands

TOKEN = "여기에_봇_토큰을_넣으세요"
VIP_ROLE_ID = 123456789012345678  # 쿨타임 면제 역할 ID

intents = discord.Intents.default()
bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix="!", intents=intents)

@bot.event
async def on_ready():
    await bot.tree.sync()
    print(f"✅ 로그인 완료: {bot.user}")

# ── 1) 쿨다운: 서버별·유저별 60초에 1번 ──────────────────────
@bot.tree.command(name="출석", description="하루 한 번 출석 체크!")
@app_commands.checks.cooldown(1, 60.0, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def attend(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(
        f"{interaction.user.mention}님, 출석 완료했어요! ✅"
    )

# ── 2) 권한 체크: 메시지 관리 권한 보유자만 ──────────────────
@bot.tree.command(name="청소", description="채널 메시지를 한 번에 삭제해요")
@app_commands.describe(amount="삭제할 메시지 개수 (1~100)")
@app_commands.default_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.checks.bot_has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def clean(interaction: discord.Interaction, amount: app_commands.Range[int, 1, 100]):
    await interaction.response.defer(ephemeral=True)
    deleted = await interaction.channel.purge(limit=amount)
    await interaction.followup.send(f"🧹 메시지 {len(deleted)}개를 지웠어요!", ephemeral=True)

# ── 3) 역할 체크: '관리자' 또는 '운영진'만 ───────────────────
@bot.tree.command(name="공지", description="서버 공지를 보내요")
@app_commands.describe(message="공지 내용")
@app_commands.checks.has_any_role("관리자", "운영진")
@app_commands.guild_only()
async def notice(interaction: discord.Interaction, message: str):
    embed = discord.Embed(title="📢 공지사항", description=message, color=0x5865F2)
    embed.set_footer(text=f"작성자: {interaction.user.display_name}")
    await interaction.response.send_message(embed=embed)

# ── 4) 보너스: VIP는 쿨타임 면제 ────────────────────────────
def vip_cooldown(interaction: discord.Interaction) -> Optional[app_commands.Cooldown]:
    user = interaction.user
    if isinstance(user, discord.Member) and user.get_role(VIP_ROLE_ID):
        return None
    return app_commands.Cooldown(1, 30.0)

@bot.tree.command(name="뽑기", description="랜덤 뽑기를 돌려요")
@app_commands.checks.dynamic_cooldown(vip_cooldown, key=lambda i: (i.guild_id, i.user.id))
async def draw(interaction: discord.Interaction):
    await interaction.response.send_message(f"🎲 결과: **{random.randint(1, 100)}점**!")

# ── 5) 전역 에러 핸들러 (모든 명령어 공통) ───────────────────
@bot.tree.error
async def on_app_command_error(interaction: discord.Interaction, error: app_commands.AppCommandError):
    if isinstance(error, app_commands.CommandOnCooldown):
        msg = f"⏳ 너무 빨라요! **{error.retry_after:.1f}초** 뒤에 다시 시도해주세요."
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.MissingPermissions):
        msg = "🚫 이 명령어를 사용할 권한이 없어요."
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.BotMissingPermissions):
        msg = "🤖 봇에게 권한이 없어요! 서버 설정 → 역할에서 봇 권한을 확인해주세요."
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.MissingAnyRole):
        msg = "🎭 이 명령어는 관리자·운영진 역할이 필요해요."
    elif isinstance(error, app_commands.CheckFailure):
        msg = "❌ 실행 조건을 만족하지 않아요."
    else:
        msg = "⚠️ 알 수 없는 오류가 발생했어요. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요."
        traceback.print_exception(type(error), error, error.__traceback__)

    if interaction.response.is_done():
        await interaction.followup.send(msg, ephemeral=True)
    else:
        await interaction.response.send_message(msg, ephemeral=True)

bot.run(TOKEN)